Process for the preparation of a stable modification of torasemide

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of crystalline torasemide in the pure modification I (monoclinic, space group P2 1  /c, .[.melting point 162° C.).]. .Iadd.in prism form) .Iaddend.from torasemide of modification II (monoclinic, space group P2/n, .[.melting point 169°.),.]. .Iadd.in leaflet form), .Iaddend.wherein a suspension of torasemide of modification II is stirred in water with the addition of a catalytic amount of modification I until the rearrangement is complete. 
     The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical compositions containing .Iadd.stable .Iaddend.torasemide of modification I.

The present invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of a stable modification of torasemide.

Torasemide (1-isopropyl-3-[(4-m-toluidino-3-pyridyl)-sulphonyl]-urea) is a compound with interesting pharmacological properties which is described in Example 71 of Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 25 16 025. In particular, this compound has a strong diuretic action in the case of which water and sodium ions are excreted relatively more strongly than potassium ions. The compound is, therefore, of great interest as a diuretic agent.

In the preparation of this compound, a purification is normally included in which the compound in question is dissolved in an aqueous or aqueous alcoholic solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and, after filtering off from impurities, the torasemide is again precipitated out with acetic acid or carbon dioxide. In the case of this process, the product is obtained in the form of white crystals with a melting point of 163°-164° C.

From Acta Cryst., 1978, pp. 2659-2662 and Acta Cryst., 1978, pp. 1304-1310, it is known that torasemide can occur in two modifications which differ X-ray crystallographically. Both modifications are simultaneously present when a solution of torasemide in petroleum ether/ethanol is slowly evaporated. The crystals, which are characterised not only as prisms .[.with a melting point of 169° C..]. but also as leaflets .[.with a melting point of 162° C.,.]. are, however, only described in these literature references with regard to their X-ray crystallographic properties. The modifications .[.with the melting point of 169° C..]., which is hereinafter referred to as modification I, crystallises monoclinically in the space group P2₁ /c, and the modification .[.with the melting point of 162° C.,.]. which is hereinafter referred to as modification II, crystallises monoclinically in the space group P2/n.

The modification obtained in the case of the preparation and normal purification by precipitating the torasemide with carbon dioxide is modification II which usually also results in the case of recrystallisations from other solvents. Since this form, in the case of storage of the pure active material, does not change and, in the case of all purification experiments, forms the predominant form, it was assumed that this modification II is also stable. Surprisingly, we have now ascertained that torasemide of modification II, when it is present in very finely divided form in pharmaceutical tablets, rearranges more or less quickly into modification I, whereby the crystal size and speed of dissolving of the active material upon introducing the tablets into water can be significantly changed. Since, on the other hand, as is known, the speed of dissolving represents one of the important characteristics of a pharmaceutical form of administration and thus, in order to be able to dose reproducibly, must not differ from one tablet to another, the problem exists of finding a form of administration of torasemide which does not change its speed of dissolving during storage. Since the uncontrollable change of the speed of dissolving depends upon the rearrangement of modification II into modification I of the torasemide, it was obvious ab initio to use modification I from which, from our investigations, it followed that it is also stable in tablets and did not rearrange again back into modification II.

Therefore, the present invention provides oral forms of administration which contain torasemide of modification I as active material.

The process, which is sufficient for X-ray crystallography, of allowing both modifications to crystallise out together from the same solvent mixture and to separate them according to their macroscopic crystal form is, of course, useless for a large-scale preparation since such a separation of the crystals would not be feasible. Furthermore, it was known that torasemide, upon heating in most solvents, cyclises irreversible with the anilino nitrogen atom. Therefore, a recrystallisation from most solvents is not suitable for the preparation of modification I. Consequently, there was the further problem of finding a process for the preparation of the pure modification I of torasemide which can be carried out simply and economically and without decomposition of the torasemide.

Surprisingly, we have now found that torasemide of modification II can be rearranged into modification I when a suspension thereof in water is seeded with very finely divided crystal nuclei of modification I and this suspension is stirred until the whole amount thereof has undergone rearrangement into modification I.

At ambient temperature, this rearrangement takes place relatively slowly so that a period of 10 to 14 days is necessary. However, the suspension can also be heated to temperatures of 70° to 90° C., in which case the reaction proceeds to completion within 3 to 6 hours. Whereas in the case of heating torasemide in solvents such as ethanol, ehtyl acetate, methylene chloride and chloroform, decomposition products are formed in considerable amounts, torasemide can, surprisingly, be heated in water for several days to 90° C. without noticeable decomposition. Furthermore, it was surprising that even the addition of small amounts (up to 1%) bring about a rearrangement since torasemide of modification I has, in any case, a solubility of 1.9 g./liter at 90° C. Purely on the basis of the solubility, it was to have been expected that these small amounts of torasemide would dissolve in the aqueous suspension medium.

Since the rearrangement itself proceeds even in pure water, this process has the further advantage that no additional impurities, such as solvents, catalytically-acting acids or bases, etc. are entrained into the product. On the contrary, due to the recrystallisation procedure, impurities present in the original modification II pass into the water.

Oral forms of administration containing torasemide of modification I are produced in the usual way with the use of pharmacologically acceptable adjuvants, for example sugar, starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, mould separation agents and anti-adhesion agents, as well as possible flow regulation agents. In particular, in the case of the use of torasemide of modification I, aqueous process steps, for example granulation, can be carried out.

For the aimed for quality-determining parameter of the form of administration according to the present invention, it is especially advantageous when the active material torasemide of modification I is used with the following particle size distribution:

at least 90%≦96 μm. and

at least 50%≦48 μm.

In comparison with pharmaceutical formulations with the active material torasemide of modification II, the formulations according to the present invention have a rapid in vitro rate of dissolving which remains unchanged even after comparatively long storage at temperatures higher than ambient temperature and at a comparatively high atmospheric humidity.

The rapidly commencing pharmacological action of these compositions is ensured by the rapid rate of dissolving of the active material from the form of administration. Thus, for example, after 15 minutes more than 60% has gone into solution and after 30 minutes more that 80%, the test method used being the paddle test USP XXI.

The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention:

EXAMPLE 1

10 kg. Torasemide, which has been prepared according to Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specificatio No. 25 16 025 and has been purified by reprecipitation from sodium bicarbonate solution with carbon dioxide, are suspended in the 10 fold amount og water and 100 g. of torasemide of modification I from a previous batch are added thereto. The suspension is heated to 90° C., stirred at this temperature for 6 hours, cooled to ambient temperature and again stirred for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the crystalls are filtered off with suction, washed with 40 liters of water and dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50° C., 9.91 kg. of torasemide of modification I being obtained.

The X-ray diffraction diagram corresponds to that of the pure modification I and a testing for purity with HPLC corresponds to the pure starting material.

Crystal nuclei of modification I can possibly also be obtained according to the process described in Acta Cryst., 1978, p. 1304.

EXAMPLE 2

900 g. Torasemide of modification II are suspended in 10 liters of water and stirred at ambient temperature in the presence of 10 g. torasemide of modification I. After 8 days, a sample no longer contains any trace of modification II. The product is filtered off and dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50° C., 875 g. of torasemide of modification I thereby being obtained. The purity corresponds to that of the starting material and the X-ray crystallographic spectrum corresponds to that of the pure modification I.

For comparison, the same batch but without the addition of modification I was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 days without a rearrangement into modification I taking place.

EXAMPLE 3

10 kg. Crude torasemide, which had been prepared according to the procedure of Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 25 16 025, is suspended in 100 liters of water and mixed with 30 liters of 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After treatment with 500 g. of active charcoal and filtration, there is obtained a clear yellowish solution from which, by the addition of 1N sulphuric acid at ambient temperature up to the achievement of a pH value of 7.5, the torasemide is again precipitated out (consumption about 29 liters). 100 g. of torasemide of modification I are added to this suspension and the solution is heated for 6 hours to 90° C. During this time, the modification rearrangement takes place. The suspension is cooled to ambient temperature and the crystallisate is centrifuged off. The crystallisate is washed with 50 liters of water and finally dried at 50° C. in a vacuum drying cabinet, 9.82 g. of pure torasemide of modification I being obtained.

This Example shows that the rearrangement according to the present invention can also be carried out in the presence of foreign salts such as are present in the case of the normal precipitation of torasemide.

EXAMPLE 4 Production of a 2.5 mg. tablet

Torasemide of modification I is mixed in the usual way with lactose monohydrate and maize starch, granulated with water, dried and sieved (granulate 1). Highly dispersed silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate are mixed, sieved and admixed with granulate 1. This mixture is then tabletted in conventional manner.

Production formulation for 100,000 tablets:

torasemide: 0.25 kg.

lactose monohydrate: 6.05 kg.

maize starch: 1.60 kg.

silicon dioxide, highly dispersed: 60.00 g.

magnesium stearate: 40.00 g.

water, purified: 1.20 kg.

EXAMPLE 5 Production of a 100 mg. tablet

Torasemide of modificatio I is mixed with lactose monohydrate, maize starch and a part of the magnesium stearate. The mixture is compacted and sieved to the desired gain size and grain size distribution (granulate 1). Highly dispersed silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate are mixed and sieved and admixed with granulate 1. The mixture is then tableted in conventional manner:

Production formulation for 100,000 tablets:

torasemide: 10.0 kg.

lactose monohydrate: 2.0 kg.

maize starch: 7.7 kg.

silicon dioxide, highly dispersed: 0.2 kg.

magnesium stearate: 0.1 kg.

It will be understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for the preparation of torasemide in the pure modification I (monoclinic, space group P2/c, .[.metling point 162° C.).]. .Iadd.in prism form) .Iaddend.from torasemide of modification II (monoclinic, space group P2/n, .[.melting point 169° C.).]. .Iadd.in leaflet form) .Iaddend.comprising stirring a suspension of torasemide of modification II in water with at least a catalytic amount of modification I, to rearrange the torasemide in modification II into .Iadd.stable .Iaddend.torasemide of modification I.
 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the rearrangement is carried out at a temperature of from ambient temperature to 90° C. and the rearrangement is carried out for a time of from 3 hours to 14 days.
 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the torasemide of modification II is used in the form of a salt-containing, approximately neutral solution, obtained by the precipitation of torasemide from alkaline solution.
 4. The process of claim 2, wherein crystalline torasemide of modification I is recovered from the rearrangement reaction mixture.
 5. The process of claim 1, wherein crystalline torasemide of modification I is recovered from the rearrangement reaction mixture.
 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the torasemide of modification II is used in the form of a salt-containing, approximately neutral solution, obtained by the precipitation of torasemide from alkaline solution. 